Knowledge, attitudes, and training in tobacco dependence and cessation treatment among Nursing Students in Catalonia (ECTEC Study): Cross-Sectional Study.

Nursing students are part of the future health labor force; thus, knowing their knowledge and participation in tobacco control is of importance. Multicentre cross-sectional study conducted to assess nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and training in tobacco dependence and treatment at 15 nursing schools in Catalonia. We employed a self-administered questionnaire. 4,381 students participated. Few respondents (21.1%) knew how to assess smokers' nicotine dependence, and less than half (41.4%) knew about the smoking cessation therapies. Most (80%) had been educated on the health risks of smoking, 50% about the reasons why people smoke and, one third on how to provide cessation aid. Students in the last years of training were more likely to have received these two contents. Nursing students lack sufficient knowledge to assess and treat tobacco dependence and are rarely trained in such subjects. Nursing curricula in tobacco dependence and treatment should be strengthened to tackle the first preventable cause of disease worldwide.

A possibility for active aging: university activities for the elders.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the conditions that allow the Open University for the Elderly to be a possibility for active aging. METHOD: Qualitative study anchored in the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism and in the methodology of Grounded Theory. From April to October 2020, 14 elderly people, two coordinators, and six teachers linked to university activities for the elderly participated in individual interviews. Data analysis was carried out by three interdependent coding steps - open, axial and integration - with the support of the Atlas.ti software. RESULTS: The conditions that allow the program to be configured as an opportunity for active aging are related to the meanings attributed to aging well; the social determination of participation; motivations in the search for the program; the functions performed by the program; and public and institutional policies of the university to which it is linked. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: University activities for the elderly are a possibility for active aging, but socially constructed barriers make access to them difficult.

Spiritual pain as part of the hospitalization experience of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A phenomenological study.

PURPOSE: To explore the experience of hospitalization among children and adolescents in treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: Qualitative phenomenological study informed by grounded theory and involving a convenience sample of children and adolescents attending an oncology unit in Spain. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven children aged between 9 and 18 years and analyzed using ATLAS.Ti 7.1. software in order to identify themes in the participants' narratives. Specific strategies were applied to support the validity and reliability of the findings. RESULTS: The analysis of interviews revealed three themes in the participants' accounts of their experience of hospitalization: 1) It's normal to feel afraid when being treated in hospital; 2) Needle procedures are associated with pain, illness, and dying; and 3) Difficulty of expressing the suffering that is experienced in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: A core experience among children and adolescents who are hospitalized for cancer treatment is the spiritual pain that results from feeling afraid. These fears are especially associated with the needle procedures that are routinely performed in the diagnosis and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Contributions of university activities to active aging: grounded theory.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the contributions of university activities for active aging of elderly people committed to the Open University for the Third Age program. METHOD: This is a qualitative study guided by Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and by the Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. Data were collected between April and October 2020, through individual interviews with the elderly, coordinators, and professors of an Open University for the Third Age. The software Atlas.ti ® was used to support the analysis, which took place through open, axial, and integration coding. RESULTS: Participation in university activities contributed to strengthening the pillars that support the active aging policy. Contributions were driven by lifelong learning, included in the program through nonformal continuing education, which optimized opportunities for the elderly's health, participation, and safety. CONCLUSION: The contributions arising from participation in university activities favor the (re)construction of the elderly's resilience in coping with everyday situations.

A possibility for active aging: university activities for the elders / Una posibilidad de envejecimiento activo: actividades universitarias para personas mayores / Vislumbrando uma possibilidade para o envelhecimento ativo: as atividades universitárias para idosos

ABSTRACT Objective To reveal the conditions that allow the Open University for the Elderly to be a possibility for active aging. Method Qualitative study anchored in the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism and in the methodology of Grounded Theory. From April to October 2020, 14 elderly people, two coordinators, and six teachers linked to university activities for the elderly participated in individual interviews. Data analysis was carried out by three interdependent coding steps - open, axial and integration - with the support of the Atlas.ti software. Results The conditions that allow the program to be configured as an opportunity for active aging are related to the meanings attributed to aging well; the social determination of participation; motivations in the search for the program; the functions performed by the program; and public and institutional policies of the university to which it is linked. Final Considerations University activities for the elderly are a possibility for active aging, but socially constructed barriers make access to them difficult.

RESUMEN Objetivo Revelar las condiciones que permiten configurar la Universidad Abierta al Anciano como posibilidad de envejecimiento activo. Método Estudio cualitativo anclado en el marco teórico del Interaccionismo Simbólico y en la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada. De abril a octubre de 2020, 14 personas mayores, dos coordinadores y seis profesores vinculados a actividades universitarias para personas mayores participaron en entrevistas individuales. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo mediante tres pasos de codificación interdependientes: abierto, axial e integración, con el apoyo del software Atlas.ti. Resultados Las condiciones que permiten configurar el programa como una oportunidad para el envejecimiento activo están relacionadas con los significados atribuidos al buen envejecimiento; la determinación social de la participación; las motivaciones en la búsqueda del programa; las funciones realizadas por el programa; y las políticas públicas e institucionales de la universidad a la que se vincula. Consideraciones finales: Las actividades universitarias para personas mayores son una posibilidad para el envejecimiento activo, pero las barreras construidas socialmente dificultan el acceso.

RESUMO Objetivo Desvelar as condições que permitem à Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade configurar-se como possibilidade para o envelhecimento ativo. Método Estudo qualitativo ancorado no referencial teórico do Interacionismo Simbólico e metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Participaram, no período de abril a outubro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas individuais, 14 idosos, dois coordenadores e seis docentes vinculados às atividades universitárias para idosos. A análise dos dados foi realizada por três etapas interdependentes de codificações - aberta, axial e integração - com apoio do software Atlas.ti. Resultados As condições que permitem ao programa configurar-se como oportunidade para o envelhecimento ativo relacionam-se aos significados atribuídos sobre envelhecer bem; à determinação social da participação; às motivações na busca pelo programa; às funções executadas pelo programa e; às políticas públicas e institucionais da universidade a qual se vincula. Considerações Finais As atividades universitárias para idosos são uma possibilidade para o envelhecimento ativo, mas barreiras socialmente construídas dificultam o acesso às mesmas.

Contributions of university activities to active aging: grounded theory / Contribuciones de actividades universitarias para el envejecimiento activo: teoría fundamentada en los datos / Contribuições das atividades universitárias para o envelhecimento ativo: teoria fundamentada nos dados

Abstract Objective: To understand the contributions of university activities for active aging of elderly people committed to the Open University for the Third Age program. Method: This is a qualitative study guided by Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and by the Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. Data were collected between April and October 2020, through individual interviews with the elderly, coordinators, and professors of an Open University for the Third Age. The software Atlas.ti ® was used to support the analysis, which took place through open, axial, and integration coding. Results: Participation in university activities contributed to strengthening the pillars that support the active aging policy. Contributions were driven by lifelong learning, included in the program through nonformal continuing education, which optimized opportunities for the elderly's health, participation, and safety. Conclusion: The contributions arising from participation in university activities favor the (re)construction of the elderly's resilience in coping with everyday situations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las contribuciones de las actividades universitarias para el envejecimiento activo de ancianos vinculados a la Universidad Abierta a la Tercera Edad. Método: Estudio cualitativo orientado por el Interaccionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico y por la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos como referencial metodológico. Los datos fueron recolectados de abril a octubre de 2020, por medio de entrevistas individuales con ancianos, coordinadores y docentes de una Universidad Abierta a la Tercera Edad. El software Atlas.ti® fue utilizado para dar apoyo al análisis, que ocurrió por medio de la codificación abierta, axial e integración. Resultados: La participación en las actividades universitarias contribuyó para el fortalecimiento de los pilares que sostienen la política del envejecimiento activo. Las contribuciones fueron impulsadas por el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, incluidas en el programa por medio de la educación permanente no formal y optimizaron oportunidades para la salud, participación y seguridad de los ancianos. Conclusión: Las contribuciones advenidas de la participación en las actividades universitarias favorecen la (re)construcción de la resiliencia de los ancianos al enfrentar las situaciones cotidianas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender as contribuições das atividades universitárias para o envelhecimento ativo de idosos vinculados à Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Método: Estudo qualitativo orientado pelo Interacionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico e pela Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como referencial metodológico. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e outubro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas individuais junto a idosos, coordenadores e docentes de uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. O software Atlas.ti® foi utilizado para apoio à análise, que ocorreu por meio da codificação aberta, axial e integração. Resultados: A participação nas atividades universitárias contribuiu para o fortalecimento dos pilares que sustentam a política do envelhecimento ativo. As contribuições foram impulsionadas pela aprendizagem ao longo da vida, incluída no programa por meio da educação permanente não formal, e que otimizou oportunidades para a saúde, participação e segurança dos idosos. Conclusão: As contribuições advindas da participação nas atividades universitárias favorecem a (re)construção da resiliência dos idosos no enfrentamento às situações cotidianas.

A Communicative Intervention to Improve the Psychoemotional State of Critical Care Patients Transported by Ambulance.

BACKGROUND: Communication is key to understanding the emotional state of critical care patients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of the communicative intervention known as CONECTEM, which incorporates basic communication skills and augmentative alternative communication, in improving pain, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in critical care patients transported by ambulance. METHODS: This study had a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups. It was carried out at 4 emergency medical centers in northern Spain. One of the centers served as the intervention unit, with the other 3 serving as control units. The nurses at the intervention center underwent training in CONECTEM. Pretest and posttest measurements were obtained using a visual analog scale to measure pain, the short-version State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure anxiety, and the Impact of Event Scale to measure posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. RESULTS: In the comparative pretest-posttest analysis of the groups, significant differences were found in favor of the intervention group (Pillai multivariate, F2,110 = 57.973, P < .001). The intervention was associated with improvements in pain (mean visual analog scale score, 3.3 pretest vs 1.1 posttest; P < .001) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (mean Impact of Event Scale score, 17.8 pretest vs 11.2 posttest; P < .001). Moreover, the percentage of patients whose anxiety improved was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (62% vs 4%, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The communicative intervention CONECTEM was effective in improving psychoemotional state among critical care patients during medical transport.

Quality of life, happiness and satisfaction with life of individuals 75 years old or older cared for by a home health care program / Qualidade de vida, felicidade e satisfação com a vida em anciãos com 75 anos ou mais, atendidos num programa de atenção domiciliária / Calidad de vida, felicidad y satisfacción con la vida en personas ancianas de 75 años atendidas en un programa de atención domiciliaria

This case study identifies the elements that compose the Quality of Life (QofL) of individuals who were 75 years old or older and receive care at home. The study’s sample was composed of individuals 75 years or older cared for by a home health care service in the primary health care unit in Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain (n=26). The variables included: a) socio-demographic data; b) concept of QofL; c) perception of QofL; d) reasons for their perception; d) satisfaction with life and related aspects; and f) feeling of happiness. Face to face interviews were conducted. A total of 76.9 percent of the individuals reported a good perception of QofL and the main reasons related to it were: health, family and social relationships, and the ability to adapt. Role Theory and Disengagement Theory explain the adaptation process of these individuals at this point in life.

Objetivou-se detectar os elementos que participam da qualidade de vida (QV) das pessoas com 75 anos, ou mais que recebem cuidados domiciliários. O desenho foi de estudo de caso. A amostra do estudo foi configurada por pessoas com 75 anos, ou mais, atendidas pelo serviço de Atendimento Domiciliário da Área Básica de Vilafranca del Penedès (n=26). As variáveis foram: a) dados sociodemográficos, b) conceito de QV, c) percepção de QV, d) motivos, e) satisfação com a vida e aspectos relacionados e f) sentimento de felicidade. Aplicou-se a técnica da entrevista frente a frente. Do total, 76,9 por cento apresentou boa percepção de QV e os principais elementos relacionados foram: saúde, relações familiares e sociais e adaptação. A teoria dos papéis e a teoria da desvinculação explicam o processo de adaptação desses indivíduos, nessa etapa da vida.

Se objetivó detectar los elementos que participan en la Calidad de Vida (CV) de las personas mayores de 75 años que reciben cuidados domiciliarios. El diseño fue de un estudio de caso. La muestra del estudio la configuraron las personas con 75 años o más, atendidos por el servicio de Atención Domiciliaria del Área Básica de Vilafranca del Penedès (n=26). Las variables fueron: a) datos socio demográficos, b) concepto de CV; c) percepción de CV, d) motivos; e) satisfacción con la vida y aspectos relacionados; f) sentimiento de felicidad. Se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista cara a cara. El 76,9 por ciento presentó una buena percepción de CV y los principales elementos relacionados fueron la salud, las relaciones familiares y sociales y la adaptación. La teoría de los roles y la teoría de la desvinculación explican el proceso de adaptación de estos individuos en esa etapa de la vida.